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L.A. County left a baby in the care of her 11-year-brother. Now, she’s dead

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The soft-spoken 18-year-old had run out of food for his three younger siblings.

He told the Canoga Park High School counselor that his mother was disappearing for days at a time, leaving him and his siblings, ages 11, 3 and 1, with hardly anything to eat. He filled his stomach with water to stave off the hunger.

The senior, Alvondo Williams Jr., was sent home May 6 with a cooler filled with bread, milk, sandwich meat and cereal. The counselor then called the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services hotline to report possible neglect in a home with “more condiments than food.”

Over the next two days, an LAPD officer and then a DCFS social worker toured the family’s Canoga Park apartment. Both took the full refrigerator — stocked with food the school had just provided — as a sign the children had enough to eat, according to DCFS records obtained by The Times.

Despite receiving several reports this spring about a family with an absent mother and gnawing hunger, the DCFS never opened a case — even after another school counselor called the hotline on May 13 to say that Williams’ mother had kicked him out of the house.

The 11-year-old, James, was now caring for the toddler, Penelope, and the 1-year-old, Thyri, the counselor said.

On July 1, Thyri was found dead, “malnourished” with “sunken eyes,” a detective told the DCFS. She showed signs of dehydration, “poor diet” and possible neglect, according to the county coroner’s postmortem examination.

James had resorted to feeding his baby sister jelly and french fries, according to a DCFS report.

A DCFS analysis had determined that the situation was “high” risk, which typically means that social workers should open a case. But, according to DCFS records, the social worker overrode the recommendation — a decision that requires a supervisor’s approval.

DCFS social workers are supposed to refer a child to a medical professional if they believe the child is malnourished. But the social worker described Thyri as “happy” and closed the referral before a doctor saw her.

“If there’s a lack of food in the home, and there’s a 1-year-old, that’s extremely dangerous,” said former DCFS director Bobby Cagle, who resigned in 2021. “You can’t just take the word of a parent.”

The DCFS said in a statement that it is legally barred from discussing details of a case but that “safety is at the heart of our work.”

“Daily, DCFS social workers make difficult judgement calls — leaning on child welfare best practices, experience, training and education — as to how they can best help families while parents resolve complex personal issues,” the agency said.

In January, Williams’ mother quit her job at 7-Eleven and started leaving for days at a time. He didn’t know where she went.

“She would always say that she’s grown and she can go where she wants to,” said Williams, who now lives on his grandfather’s farm in North Carolina and spoke by phone with The Times.

His mother, 37-year-old Jennifer Wood, declined to comment, saying her daughter’s death was a private matter.

Williams said he stopped going to school in February after his mother refused to give him quarters for the laundromat and he didn’t want to show up in dirty clothes. He spent his days at home watching gaming YouTubers and listening to dubstep.

When his mother honked her car horn, it was the signal for the children to come pick up food — often, containers of potato salad or mac and cheese — from the driveway before she drove off again. The food would typically last a day, but she’d be gone for two or three, he said.

The longest his mother left, Williams said, was for a week when she went to Las Vegas.

On April 23, the day after Wood got back from Vegas, James called 911 after an explosive fight with her, bringing the children onto the radar of DCFS for the first time this year. The agency had received reports from the LAPD in 2022 and 2023 about fights between the mother and her then-partner, as well as with James, but never opened a case, according to DCFS records.

An arched entry corridor leads into a multi-story apartment building.

The Canoga Park apartment where Alvondo Williams Jr. lived with his three younger siblings. His mother would honk when the children were supposed to come pick up food from the driveway, Williams said.

(Myung J. Chun/Los Angeles Times)

James told an LAPD officer that his mother had been in Vegas with her new boyfriend and that there was “very little food in the home,” according to a report the police made to DCFS.

When a social worker showed up later that day, Wood said she had been gone only a few days for work. James grabbed his backpack and stormed out, accusing her of lying, according to the social worker’s report.

One day, Williams weighed himself on the scale in his mother’s bathroom and realized he had lost 20 pounds.

At a breaking point, he called his grandmother in North Carolina.

“He told me how they had been living. I said, ‘You go back to school and tell them what happened,’” said Oneida Williams, 85. “‘They can send somebody to you.’”

On May 6, as Williams was unpacking the cooler of food he received from school, a police officer arrived.

The school counselor had told the child protection hotline that Williams, disheveled with a ring of dirt around his neck, had “not stopped eating” since he arrived and “has asked for food the entire time he has been there,” according to a summary of the call.

But the children did not “appear malnourished or unhappy,” the LAPD officer reported to DCFS.

A young man in a hooded sweatshirt.

Williams, 18, at his grandmother’s home in Norlina, N.C. He moved there in September, after he said his mother kicked him out of their Canoga Park home.

(Melissa Sue Gerrits / For the Times)

Williams was holding “a bag of food,” and there was canned food and peanut butter in the cupboard, the officer reported. Williams said he planned to feed his sisters sandwiches and fruit that night, according to a DCFS report about the incident.

The officer’s visit coincided with one of their mother’s visits — she arrived with mac and cheese, chips and chicken.

She “quickly dropped off the food and left,” the officer told DCFS. He said he didn’t speak with her.

The next day, Williams had just returned with more food from his school when a social worker stopped by.

“They showed up literally five minutes after I got back from the school,” Williams said. “When they came, it looked like we had food.”

The social worker noted that the refrigerator and freezer were “stocked” with “plenty of food,” according to his write-up of the visit.

That day, the social worker met with the mother, who said that Williams was “being ridiculous” and she had had enough of his “bad attitude.”

That night, Wood kicked Williams out of the apartment.

“You need to pack your s— and leave,” he recalled her screaming at him.

A week later, the second call from Canoga Park High School came into the child protection hotline. Williams was living at a homeless shelter, the counselor said, and James was now in charge of the two youngest children.

The counselor said they “cannot imagine what the siblings look like.”

James was a computer whiz in online school who had been diagnosed with autism and a behavioral disorder. He often ran away from home, according to a DCFS report.

CANOGA PARK, CA - NOVEMBER 20: Exterior of Canoga Park High School.

Twice, counselors at Canoga Park High School called the DCFS child protection hotline about Williams and his younger siblings. DCFS never opened a case.

(Myung J. Chun/Los Angeles Times)

Williams said he knew an 11-year-old was ill-suited to look after a toddler and an infant. But his mother had kicked him out, and he was exhausted.

“I didn’t want to leave them, and I knew it was wrong,” Williams said. “But I really couldn’t do much.”

Williams stayed at a homeless shelter through September, finishing high school before heading to North Carolina, where he had spent much of his childhood. He said nobody from the DCFS contacted him again.

No social worker visited the apartment following the call from the school warning that the 11-year-old was in charge, according to the DCFS investigation into the hotline calls. A social worker’s attempt to speak with Canoga Park High School was “unsuccessful.”

Nor did the social worker vet Wood’s claim that her roommate and a family friend helped with the kids when she was gone.

The roommate, a security guard in his thirties, told a social worker after Thyri died that he usually got home at 8 p.m., left at 4 a.m. and didn’t help with the children.

On May 22, the social worker wrapped up his investigation, deeming the allegation of neglect “inconclusive” and closing the referral.

“The mother practices appropriate parenting skills, as well as providing adequate food, clothing, medical care and supervision for the children,” the social worker wrote in his final report.

On Saturday, June 29, James fed his baby sister french fries, he later told a DCFS social worker.

He gave her the “last bottle of milk” and some jelly “because that was what he knew they had that she would be able to eat,” James said, according to a DCFS report.

By then, Thyri, paler than usual, couldn’t crawl or stand up on her own, James said. Her stomach looked strange and “sucked in.” He noticed a bumpy “black spot” on her head.

On Sunday, she had nothing. They were out of milk, and his mother had warned him against giving water to babies.

On Monday morning, he texted his mother for money to buy milk — the third time he had asked since she left the house Saturday night. She sent the money that afternoon.

As he was leaving for the store, he said, he went to check on Thyri. He found her in her crib with her head back and eyes open, according to a DCFS report. Her arm was stiff.

Thyri had been dead for 18 hours when police were called to the apartment, a coroner’s official told an LAPD detective. She had a bruise on her forehead and severe diaper rash with sores.

Inside, LAPD officers found overflowing trash cans and piles of unwashed clothes and dirty diapers, according to a DCFS report. The floor was covered in cat feces, and the crib was saturated with urine. The refrigerator was empty.

A young man in an outdoor setting.

Williams said he still doesn’t know exactly how his baby sister died. The autopsy is inconclusive and the LAPD investigation is ongoing.

(Melissa Sue Gerrits / For the Times)

The LAPD arrested Wood on July 11 on suspicion of child neglect. She was released four days later and has not been charged with a crime.

Prosecutors are awaiting more information from the coroner’s office on how Thyri died, according to a source familiar with the investigation who was not authorized to discuss the case publicly. The autopsy did not determine a cause of death.

L.A. County Supervisor Lindsey Horvath, whose district includes Canoga Park, called Thyri’s death “an absolute tragedy.”

“I am heartbroken and I am sick because Thyri and her siblings deserved better. Every child deserves basic care and decency — food, child care, and support,” she said in a statement. “We are responsible for doing better for all children in LA County.”

After Thryi’s death, the DCFS removed James and Penelope from their mother’s custody.

James is in foster care, and Penelope lives with her father’s cousin in Lancaster. Her father, who lives in Arizona and asked not to be named, said he is still trying to “piece together” how his daughter spent the months before her sister died.

The DCFS told him there “was a travesty” and a “bunch of neglect,” offering few other details, he said.

Penelope has trouble sleeping and isn’t potty-trained, he said. She seems comfortable in dirty diapers.

“That’s how she was raised. It’s awful,” he said. “Who the hell knows what was going on in that house?”

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Biden pardons son, says Hunter Biden was unfairly prosecuted

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President Biden on Sunday pardoned his son Hunter, who was convicted of a gun charge in Delaware and pleaded guilty to tax charges in Los Angeles.

In explaining his controversial action, Biden claimed his son was the victim of unfair political attacks. Biden has said in the past he would not pardon Hunter.

“The charges in his cases came about only after several of my political opponents in Congress instigated them to attack me and oppose my election,” Biden said in a statement released Sunday. “No reasonable person who looks at the facts of Hunter’s cases can reach any other conclusion than Hunter was singled out only because he is my son — and that is wrong.

“No reasonable person who looks at the facts of Hunter’s cases can reach any other conclusion than Hunter was singled out only because he is my son — and that is wrong,” he said. “There has been an effort to break Hunter — who has been five and a half years sober, even in the face of unrelenting attacks and selective prosecution. In trying to break Hunter, they’ve tried to break me — and there’s no reason to believe it will stop here. Enough is enough.”

In June, Hunter Biden was convicted of federal gun crimes, including lying about being drug-free when he purchased and briefly owned a gun while he was addicted to crack cocaine.

The guilty verdict capped a weeklong trial in which prosecutors elicited testimony from Biden’s ex-wife, an ex-girlfriend and his sister-in-law turned lover. All spoke in graphic detail about his addiction to drugs and alcohol, with First Lady Jill Biden often sitting in the front row.

Biden was on trial for three felony charges, and the jury convicted him of all three. In addition to lying on a federal background check form and giving a false statement to a federal firearms dealer, he was convicted of possessing a gun while being an illicit drug user.

At the time, President Biden said he would “accept the outcome of the case” and continue to “respect the judicial process” while his son considered an appeal of the verdict.

In September, Hunter Biden pleaded guilty to all nine federal tax charges he faced, just as jury selection was about to begin in a downtown Los Angeles courtroom.

The indictment included racy details of Biden’s life between 2016 and 2019 — the period during which now he admits he failed to pay at least $1.4 million in federal taxes — including the hundreds of thousands of dollars he spent on escorts, a pornographic website, hotels, luxury car rentals and other lavish personal expenses.

Prosecutors alleged, among other things, that Biden improperly classified personal expenses as business expenses and paid his federal income taxes late.

Hunter Biden has long been a favorite target of conservatives, the right-wing media and political opponents of his father.
The younger Biden faced questions about his foreign business dealings, particularly his seat on the board of Burisma, the Ukrainian natural gas company that he joined in 2014 while his father was vice president. Hunter Biden was paid millions by the company. He denies any wrongdoing.

Hunter Biden now lives in Los Angeles, where he took up a daily ritual of painting.

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Sunday evening marks 92nd running of Hollywood Christmas Parade

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Sunday evening marks the 92nd anniversary of the Hollywood Christmas Parade.

Beginning at 6 p.m., a procession of marching bands, floats, equestrian groups and character balloons will make its way through the heart of Hollywood. Santa Claus and his troupe of reindeer will be part of the holiday celebration.

The two-hour parade will travel a 3.2-mile route. Beginning at Orange Street and Hollywood Boulevard, the parade will head east on Hollywood Boulevard to Vine Street, south on Vine Street to Sunset Boulevard, and west on Sunset Boulevard to Orange Street.

Actor Jeremy Renner will serve as grand marshal.

“This season of giving is about spreading hope,” Renner, whose foundation supports foster children and other at-risk youth, said in a statement. “I’m thrilled to share this moment with my family and friends from the foundation as we work together to make a difference.”

The parade supports the Marine Toys for Tots Foundation, which every year distributes 18 million toys to 7 million children, according to a news release distributed by the parade’s organizers.

Started in 1928, the event was first called the Santa Claus Lane Parade. It has been held every year but 1942 through 1944 during World War II and in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to its organizers.

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Thanksgiving rebound traffic expected at LAX, on Southern California highways

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There will be the usual holiday rebound traffic but the worst is over, travel experts said, as Thanksgiving Day’s long-distance commuters began their journeys home this weekend.

LAX expected an estimated 206,000 passengers through its gates Sunday, down from a peak of 222,000 travelers the Sunday before the holiday, the airport said in a written statement. Passenger data posted by the airport show the post-Thanksgiving return trips are at, or slightly below, daily averages experienced in September and October.

Commercial flight tracking sites showed only moderate flight delays in Los Angeles, unlike airports such as Newark, Palm Beach and Tampa, where the FAA reported the sheer volume of flights on Sunday grounded planes from 30 to more than 45 minutes. Travelers to and from the Westchester County Airport in White Plains, N.Y., grappled with average flight delays of nearly three hours.

The Automobile Club of Southern California projected 6.58 million Southern California residents to be on the road, or in the air, over the Thanksgiving Day weekend, a travel window that extends into Monday morning’s work commute.

Travel data firm Inrix, which provides analytics used by AAA in creating its forecasts, estimated roads will be least congested before 8 a.m. Monday, and after 7 p.m. Though traffic was still peaking in some parts of the country, including Houston, Inrix calculated Los Angeles area drivers saw the worst motoring conditions on Wednesday, before the holiday.

A small drop in gasoline prices helped fuel the traffic surge. AAA reported the average price in California for a gallon of regular grade fuel as of Sunday was $4.21, down a few pennies from earlier in the week and well below the 2023 average of $4.83.

It is, of course, quite a bit higher than the $3.05 national average.

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La Habra house fire kills man, two family dogs

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Los Angeles County Fire Department investigators are trying to determine the cause of a house fire Saturday morning in La Habra that killed a 48-year-old man and two of his dogs.

A neighbor told The Times that she was in her kitchen when she heard an explosion. She stepped onto the back porch and saw black smoke roiling up from her neighbor’s house.

“My husband and I ran out,” Alisa Grace said. “There was one other person out there, calling 911, and other neighbors came out …. They ran up to the front door, knocked on the windows, hopped the fence, went in back, trying to see if anybody was in there because of all of the cars out front.”

County firefighters responded to the fire about 10:38 a.m. in the 1300 block of North Farrington Avenue, the department said. The garage was fully engulfed in flames.

The department has not identified the man whose body was found inside. A family member told KTLA that the man’s wife and children were traveling out of the country.

Two of three dogs found in the house were also dead, the station reported. The third was taken to an animal hospital.

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Fresno County woman dies after bitten by rabid bat in classroom

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A Fresno County woman died after being bitten by a rabid bat in the middle school classroom where she taught art, according to public health officials and published reports.

The Fresno County Department of Public Health reported last week that a county resident had died from rabies after being bitten by a bat in Merced County.

Health officials did not name the victim, but friends identified her as Leah Seneng, 60, an art teacher at Bryant Middle School in the small Merced County city of Dos Palos, according to reports in the Fresno Bee and KFSN-TV.

Seneng found a bat in her classroom about a month ago, her friend, Laura Splotch, told KFSN. The bat bit Seneng, and although she didn’t show any symptoms of rabies in the following days, she fell ill about a month later, Splotch said.

Four days after checking herself into the hospital, Seneng died on Nov. 22, according to her friend and county health officials.

Describing her friend as a “great explorer” who loved the outdoors, Splotch said Seneng was likely trying to help the bat out of her classroom when it bit her.

Merced County health officials said they were notifying people who may have been exposed as well.

Transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, rabies is “almost always fatal” if it isn’t treated before symptoms appear, Fresno County officials warned. Bats and skunks are common transmitters of the disease.

Health officials said bat bites are often too small to be detected. Anyone who comes into contact with a bat, alive or dead, should report the encounter to their healthcare provider. Anyone who wakes up with a live or dead bat in their room should also report it.

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Newsom tries to redefine the California-vs.-Trump narrative

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Nearly two weeks after Gov. Gavin Newsom launched a special session to fund legal battles against the president-elect, the Democratic leader appeared to be trying to tone down and reframe the California-vs.-Trump narrative he set in motion.

“It’s not a resistance brand,” Newsom said in an interview with The Times. “It’s around pragmatism. It’s about preparedness. We would be fools not to get on top of this before January.”

The subtle shift signals the governor may be revising his role as a liberal champion in the nation’s culture wars in the wake of Donald Trump’s defeat of Vice President Kamala Harris.

But as he set out on a “California jobs first” tour to talk about the economy in the Central Valley, Newsom couldn’t resist the gravitational pull back into the fight over progressive values with Trump.

Despite the state budget crunch, he announced Monday that California will offer rebates for those who purchase zero-emission vehicles if Trump follows through with a threat to end federal subsidies for clean cars. Tesla could be excluded from the state rebates under a plan to restrict the credits to manufacturers with lesser market share, a jab at Trump ally and Newsom critic Elon Musk, Tesla’s owner.

The seesaw underscores Newsom’s challenge as he tries to strike a delicate balance between the political brawler that his Democratic base admires and a more measured national leader capable of winning back disenfranchised voters across the country who backed Trump in the election.

“He’s caught between this old way of being the tip of the spear and just being pure resistance and now considering a presidential run,” said Mike Madrid, a Republican political consultant.

Madrid said Newsom isn’t alone. The governor’s shuffle, in Madrid’s view, personifies a reckoning happening within a Democratic Party focused on identity politics in 2024 without realizing that Trump was winning over voters on economic issues.

“Gavin Newsom has led the Democratic Party into a place where they can win these cultural battles, but that’s not what this election was about,” Madrid said. “The battle is about affordability, and California’s got a huge weakness there.”

The presidential election showcased the Republican strategy of typecasting California and the Democratic Party as left of most of the country. California leaders are preparing to defend against mass deportations, a reversal of LGBTQ+ rights and efforts to weaken climate change policies when Trump takes office.

Embracing electric vehicles is another Democratic litmus test that runs afoul of Trump’s agenda. Newsom has led the way with a mandate to transition all new car sales in California to zero-emission vehicles by 2035. New state subsidies, he argued, seek to protect the electric vehicle market and industry jobs based here.

To his Republican foes in California, the proposed electric vehicle credits are another example of the liberal governor being “out of touch.”

Nationwide only about 3 in 10 Americans would consider buying an electric vehicle, according to a recent study by the Pew Research Center. In the Golden State, electric vehicles account for about 25% of all new car sales — a rise that Newsom touts but which shows most Californians aren’t yet making the switch.

“The reality for most working people is they need their gas-powered vehicle, they can’t afford an electric vehicle, nor do they want one,” said Assembly Republican Leader James Gallagher (R-Yuba City). “When you’re talking about greater tax credits for Hollywood and money for people who want to buy EVs, you’ve missed the memo, bud.”

David McCuan, a professor of political science at Sonoma State University, said subsidies for electric vehicles are a “limousine liberal” issue that wealthy college-educated voters care about, while the working-class voters the party is losing are more worried about the cost of gasoline and the rent.

“Wokeism gives him a platform, but wokeism also exposes his political weaknesses,” McCuan said. “The culture war issues that provide his exposure also are somewhat of an Achilles’ heel for delivering the vote.”

If Newsom has aspirations for the White House, the governor needs to demonstrate more discipline than “knee-jerk” reactions to Trump that draw headlines across the country, and he should craft an inclusive message about the way forward, McCuan said.

“He needs to be front and center in voters’ minds and when they cast their ballot, and that’s the political maturity test that I think he has yet to meet,” McCuan said.

As lawmakers prepare to return to the state Capitol to begin the special session Monday, Newsom and legislative leaders have repeated the message that they’re ready to work with the incoming president. The special session seeks to increase legal funding for the California Department of Justice to protect abortion access, climate change policies, LGBTQ+ rights and disaster funding to make sure California isn’t caught off guard if Trump carries out his agenda as expected, they said.

“It goes without saying if there are opportunities to be able to work together with the new administration that benefit California, of course, we’re all in,” state Senate President Pro Tem Mike McGuire (D-Healdsburg) said. “But let’s be clear, if the president-elect tries to undermine our state, undermine our freedoms or our democracy, he’s going to quickly see how determined the people of California truly are.”

Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas (D-Hollister) said he told his caucus a few days after the election that this isn’t 2016, when legislators introduced a flurry of bills to “Trump-proof” California, because so much of that work is already done. Lawmakers, he said, should focus on helping California residents who stand to lose under the incoming president.

The message voters sent in the election also provides an opportunity for his caucus to advance its priorities around housing affordability and making families feel as though future generations will be able to afford to live here.

“For me as a member of the Assembly and as speaker of the Assembly, I obviously feel a great sense of responsibility because it falls to us to ensure that we’re making progress on these issues, and we just clearly have not convinced residents that we’re doing that,” Rivas said.

Madrid said it’s common for any party to reassess after losing an election. But more tests await Newsom and Democrats on immigration and other issues after Trump is inaugurated.

Their attempts to restrain themselves in the national fight and focus on the cost of living could be out the window by mid-January, he said.

“The chances of the affordability problem being resolved is very minimal because the problem, essentially, is about housing, and that’s not something you solve overnight,” Madrid said. “It’s something that we have neglected for decades and particularly in this administration.”

Staff writer Jaweed Kaleem contributed to this report.

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Wood biofuel project could worsen air quality, critics say

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For Laura Ornelas and thousands of other South Stockton residents, harmful air pollution is a fact of life.

Hemmed in by freeways and rail lines and bordered by heavy industry and the Port of Stockton, the area has been dubbed an “Asthma Capital” by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America.

Ornelas, who rents a house in the Boggs Tract neighborhood, says she has to wear a mask just to work outside, or to clean the soot off her car every few days. She said her 91-year-old mother’s mysterious cough worsened after they moved in at the start of the year.

“We just need to get out of here,” she said.

A woman reads a flier on the hood of an automobile.

Boggs Tract resident Laura Ornelas reads a flier posted in the neighborhood advertising a public meeting to discuss the GSNR wood pellet project.

(Noah Haggerty / Los Angeles Times)

For Ornelas and her neighbors, local air pollution could get even worse if officials approve plans for a massive forest management and biofuel project that would harvest trees across California through wildfire mitigation work, process them into wood pellets at facilities in Lassen and Tuolumne counties and ship them off to Europe and Asia to burn for electricity.

All of the wood — more than 1 million tons of it every year — would converge at storage facilities at the Port of Stockton.

The proposal has alarmed local groups that say the community has suffered poor health and government neglect for far too long. They question whether the proposal will actually reduce the threat of wildfire, and wonder why South Stockton should shoulder the burden of increased truck and shipping pollution.

Environmental advocates also worry that the forest thinning portion of the project will focus more on biofuel companies’ bottom lines than forest health, doing little to prevent wildfires.

The enormous project has been proposed by Golden State Natural Resources, a nonprofit created by a coalition of rural county governments.

Heavy machinery transports logs at an industrial facility.

Heavy machinery transports logs at a Tuolumne County property where GSNR hopes to build a pellet processing plant.

(Noah Haggerty / Los Angeles Times)

GSNR’s leaders — as well as many residents from Stockton to the Sierra foothills — view the project as a bold and much-needed step toward protecting California’s people and forests from wildfires, creating a renewable energy source and generating jobs.

GSNR claims that, although the project will release a significant amount of carbon into the air through operations and the trees that are burned for energy, the project could ultimately be carbon neutral — or even carbon negative — through the wildfires it prevents and the carbon re-absorbed by forests after they’re treated.

However, scientific studies have found that biofuel projects often fail to meet this benchmark, and sometimes even perform worse than coal. But researchers note that using more sustainable harvest practices, such as the wildfire mitigation work GSNR says it will perform, can result in lower carbon emissions.

“I think what differentiates us is that we’re coming from this from a public agency ethos,” said Patrick Blacklock, president of GSNR. “We’re here to help our communities and invest in our communities.”

A woman takes a photograph in a forest.

Megan Fiske, an environmental advocate with Ebbetts Pass Forest Watch, photographs a dogwood tree in Stanislaus National Forest.

(Noah Haggerty / Los Angeles Times)

Sixty miles inland from Stockton, Megan Fiske, an environmental advocate with Ebbetts Pass Forest Watch, drove through the winding dirt roads of Stanislaus National Forest in her black Tacoma pickup. The understory of the ponderosa and sugar pine forest was speckled with manzanita, oak trees and dogwoods with yellow leaves, marking the start of fall.

Piles of twigs, pine needles and larger logs are scattered through the forest. The bases of many pine trunks were charred black — but the culprits weren’t a logging company or a wildfire. It was the U.S. Forest Service.

The agency’s SERAL project is one of the Forest Service’s 10 initial projects trailblazing an ambitious national, interagency plan to confront the crisis of worsening wildfires and protect vulnerable communities. (SERAL is short for Social and Ecological Resilience Across the Landscape.)

GSNR hopes to use leftover wood from projects like these to produce more than 1 million tons of pellets annually.

Many forest health experts view prescribed burns as the golden standard of forest health management tools. But in many places where fire has been suppressed for decades — if not centuries — there’s often so much vegetation that even controlled burns run the risk of exploding into a megafire.

Stacked logs occupy a forest clearing.

When the Forest Service performs mechanical thinning, it often leaves piles of logs that cannot be sold. The GSNR project hopes to use such logs in its biofuel business.

(Noah Haggerty / Los Angeles Times)

So, forest experts must turn to another tool.

Mechanical thinning does much of the work of prescribed burning methodically by hand: cutting down small trees, removing brush, pruning the lower limbs of larger trees so fire can’t climb up into the canopy.

Once all this vegetation is chopped, it’s typically thrown into piles in the forest, which are then burned.

GSNR wants to process this wood instead, and also conduct its own mechanical thinning work.

In 2021, a task force created by Gov. Gavin Newsom found that California needs to treat roughly 1 million acres of forest with mechanical thinning and prescribed burns every year to prevent the dangerous buildup of flammable vegetation that can fuel devastating wildfires, but in the 2023-24 fiscal year, California treated just over 130,000 acres.

A woman stands in a forest clearing.

Megan Fiske stands in a clear-cut logging site. She and other forest advocates fear that the GSNR biofuel project would open the door to similar practices.

(Noah Haggerty / Los Angeles Times)

GSNR plans to thin up to 85,000 acres every year. But whereas mechanical thinning projects like SERAL are backed by decades of forest science, some activists and forest watchers worry financial pressures could push GSNR to go too far.

Most forest health experts agree that trees with a diameter at chest height of around 16 inches are fair game for mechanical thinning work. But while GSNR’s draft environmental impact report guides its projects to follow this consensus, it leaves the door open for the nonprofit to chop down trees with a diameter of up to 30 inches.

GSNR says that it will do its best to stick to 16 inches and under, but that some situations may warrant larger trees to get the chop. It has yet to explicitly define which situations would allow for this exception.

Activists worry that, if GSNR is struggling to meet its production goals, it could abuse this ambiguity to cut larger trees in a wide range of circumstances.

“That’s why we’re going through this process — to get that feedback, to get the recommendations,” Blacklock said of concerns about the size of trees allowed to be taken. “Are there ways to tighten it up, to alleviate those concerns? … If so, then we would absolutely consider it and build it into the final” environmental impact report.

Parts of South Stockton already have worse air quality than 99% of the state.

In the most affected neighborhoods, residents have a life expectancy 13 years lower than the state’s average. They are also 60% more likely to die of a respiratory disease and almost twice as likely to die of heart disease.

“Asthma is so accepted in our community that it’s like getting glasses,” said Dillon Delvo, co-founder of Little Manila Rising, a group that was created to protect the city’s Filipino neighborhood — once the largest population of Filipinos outside the Philippines — from getting bulldozed.

The air near the Port of Stockton already fails to meet state and federal regulations on particulate matter made up of soot, metals, construction dust and smoke. A draft of GSNR’s environmental impact report found that the project would worsen the pollution by roughly 2%.

The pellet facility operations would also exacerbate nitrous oxide air pollution — which can cause eye irritation, nausea and respiratory issues — by roughly 18%, in violation of local air standards, according to the report.

“It’s not just the fact that they’re trying to bring these industries in,” Delvo said, “but they’ve come at a cost specifically to the health of South Stockton residents.”

In 2015, a San Joaquin County grand jury found that South Stockton — cut off from the north by a cross-town freeway — had been largely neglected by City Hall for years.

Through the early 2000s, Delvo and Little Manila Rising co-founder Dawn Mabalon successfully got the city to designate the Filipino neighborhood within South Stockton, just a few miles southeast of Boggs Tract, as a historic site and fended off an eight-square-block project to demolish homes and replace them with a strip mall. But they struggled to get environmental justice programs off the ground.

A woman stands at an altar for a woman who died.

Gloria Estefani Alonso Cruz, environmental justice advocacy coordinator at Little Manila Rising, reflects at an altar for co-founder Dawn Mabalon, who died of an asthma attack in 2018.

(Noah Haggerty / Los Angeles Times)

“The city refused to partner with us, which is insane,” Delvo said. “All the data shows — obviously, it’s in the 100% percentile for asthma-related issues. You built a freeway next to places where there are families and children and schools. They’re all breathing that air.”

Then, in 2018, Mabalon suddenly died of an asthma attack at age 46.

“I didn’t really understand that a diagnosis at the age of 11 could mean a death sentence at the age of 46,” Delvo said. “It took Dawn’s death for me to understand that.”

In the years since, Little Manila Rising has seen significant progress. It started a program — Decreasing Asthma Within Neighborhoods (DAWN), named after Mabalon — aimed at helping residents manage their asthma.

The city is also starting to see millions from investments announced in 2017 to clean up its air and address environmental inequities.

Delvo and Gloria Estefani Alonso Cruz, Little Manila’s environmental justice advocacy coordinator, view the GSNR project as a betrayal of these promises.

Although GSNR’s environmental review found that an increase in pollution in violation of current standards is unavoidable, Blacklock said GSNR hopes to support efforts to electrify port operations to reduce pollution. In October, the port won a $110-million federal grant to do so.

GSNR also claims the pollution from the port would pale in comparison with pollution created from wildfires — including in the Stockton area.

Particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in size, PM2.5, sits at a concentration around 40 micrograms per cubic meter in Stockton, but the 2020 August Complex fires raised that level to more than 70 for multiple days. GSNR’s project would raise pollution levels by roughly 1 microgram per cubic meter for the duration of its operations in the port area.

An aerial view of industrial buildings beside a canal.

Industrial buildings stand at the Port of Stockton.

(Brian van der Brug / Los Angeles Times)

In general, chronic exposure to PM2.5 can result in health outcomes eight times worse than short-term exposures from sources such as wildfires, according to Joel Schwartz, a professor of environmental epidemiology at Harvard’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

However, he noted, GSNR’s project could potentially reduce short-term exposures for many more people than the number for whom it would worsen chronic exposures, likely resulting in a net positive.

That’s a troubling prospect for area residents.

“I want prosperity in our community, “ Delvo said. “I am not against economic development. I want more of our young people to be able to go off to college and come back and have jobs here. … We’re just concerned about — why is the cost always the health of our community?”

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One dead, two others critically injured in Chinatown hit-and-run crash

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An 18-year-old man was killed and six others injured in a hit-and-run crash that took place outside a Starbucks in L.A.’s Chinatown neighborhood, authorities said on Saturday.

Emergency personnel responded shortly before 12:45 a.m. to the scene of a two-car collision at Broadway and Cesar Chavez Avenue, according to a bulletin from the Los Angeles Fire Department.

The rollover crash occurred when a car heading west on Cesar Chavez collided with a vehicle traveling north on Broadway, according to Los Angeles Police Department Officer Kevin Terzes. The 18-year-old, who had been inside the vehicle on Broadway, was taken to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead, Terzes said.

Six others were also taken to a hospital — two of them in critical condition, the other four with non-life threatening injuries, said Los Angeles Fire Department spokesperson Margaret Stewart. Two of the six had been trapped in a vehicle and were rescued by firefighters, she said.

Footage aired by KTLA-TV showed one of the two cars upside down on the sidewalk by the Starbucks’ outdoor patio area. The other car, on Cesar Chavez, was mangled at the curb.

Authorities responding to the crash lifted the upside-down car using a crane, video broadcast by AKABC-TV Showed.

Terzes, the police spokesperson, said the driver of the first vehicle fled the scene and has not been apprehended.

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Detective accused of giving Nazi-like salute resigns from South Pasadena Police Department

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A veteran detective who once landed in hot water for disguising himself as a deputy and sneaking into Men’s Central Jail has resigned from the South Pasadena Police Department amid recent allegations that he repeatedly gave a Nazi-like salute last year during a training lecture hosted by the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, according to a news release and internal records.

City police officials announced Mark Lillienfeld’s decision to step down on Wednesday, hours after The Times first reported on the Sheriff’s Department’s probe into the 2023 allegations that ultimately saddled him with a “Do Not Rehire” designation.

As documented in a 40-page internal affairs report released by the Sheriff’s Department earlier this month, the probe found Lillienfeld had violated an equality policy while delivering a lecture at a May 2023 homicide investigator training session. The report said one of the officers who attended — a Black woman from the Los Angeles Police Department — accused Lillienfeld of making several inappropriate comments, once referring to Asian officers as “Chinamen” and later saying that she and another Black officer in the class would be the most likely suspects if anyone jumped him in the parking lot afterward.

At the time of the lecture, Lillienfeld had already retired from the Sheriff’s Department and was working as an outside vendor. State records show he began working as a detective for South Pasadena earlier this year.

“The City of South Pasadena and its Police Department takes this report seriously, and in no way does the department condone this type of behavior from any officer in its department,” the South Pasadena news release said last week. “The officer in question submitted his resignation, which Police Chief Brian Solinsky accepted.”

Also last week, the Sheriff’s Department said it would not hire Lillienfeld as an instructor for future classes. Meanwhile, the California Commission on Peace Officers Standards and Training — which oversees law enforcement training standards statewide — said in a statement that it had only recently learned of the allegations and that it currently approves instructors based on information submitted by local agencies, but does not have a means to remove them.

“The Commission met last week and discussed this regulatory matter and are planning to make changes so that in the future we do have the ability to remove instructors such as this,” the statement said.

Though Lillienfeld did not respond to a request for comment on Saturday, his attorney, Tom Yu, said last week that the allegations were “completely baseless.” He said that because Lillienfeld had already retired, he had “no standing to appeal or grieve the one-sided investigation.”

In 2008, internal affairs records show Lillienfeld was reprimanded for referring to a woman as a “broad” and repeatedly using profanity during a different training lecture. Following his retirement in 2016, he began working as an investigator for the Los Angeles County district attorney’s office, where he was later caught on camera posing as a deputy in order to sneak contraband fast food to an inmate at Men’s Central Jail.

Afterward, he was temporarily banned from the county jails. In 2019, he returned to the Sheriff’s Department to join then-Sheriff Alex Villanueva’s controversial public corruption squad, a shadowy unit accused of targeting the sheriff’s critics — including oversight officials, county leaders and a former Times reporter who had received a leaked list of problem deputies.

Lillienfeld left the department again in January 2023 after Villanueva lost reelection and has since said the incident at Men’s Central Jail was part of a plan to overturn a wrongful conviction by winning the trust of the real killer.

The complaint that led to the “Do Not Rehire” designation stemmed from a two-week homicide investigator course that attracted about 30 officers and deputies from departments across Southern California. The Sheriff’s Department redacted all of their names in its 40-page report, as well as the name of the Los Angeles police officer whose concerns spurred the investigation.

“Throughout the entire lecture, Subject Lillienfeld was rude, condescending, unprofessional, and made inappropriate comments to several students in the class,” investigators wrote in a summary of their interview with the Los Angeles officer.

They said the officer told them she believed Lillienfeld targeted Asian and Black students with off-color jokes, once calling the only two Asian students “Chinamen” and repeatedly making fun of a woman’s name. The officer also told investigators Lillienfeld talked a lot of “crap” about the Los Angeles Police Department and how its investigations were “messed up.”

During the lecture, the report says, “Lillienfeld also clicked his heels together and extended one of his arms out like Hitler,” while saying something that sounded like “hike” or “height.”

The Los Angeles police officer said she thought Lillienfeld might have been doing it as a joke but that it seemed inappropriate because it “looked like something white supremacist groups do,” according to the report.

At the end of the class, she alleged, Lillienfeld apologized to her and the other Black woman — a Menifee Police Department officer — and thanked them for letting him make fun of them. Then, she told investigators, Lillienfeld allegedly told class participants that if they saw him outside in the parking lot with two bullets in the back of his head, they should look to the two Black women as the suspects.

The Menifee police officer told investigators that she remembered Lillienfeld was funny, but that she didn’t feel singled out by his jokes. Though she told investigators she remembered hearing Lillienfeld’s comments about the Black women “jumping him,” she said she wasn’t offended. She also said she didn’t remember seeing him give a Nazi salute.

When internal affairs investigators interviewed the other officers and deputies in the class, most said they didn’t recall seeing anything inappropriate. Some said Lillienfeld was funny or spoke highly of his lecture. One — a La Verne police officer whose name was also redacted — said Lillienfeld repeatedly did a “weird thing” during class in which he would click his heels together and throw up his arm in a way the officer described as a “Nazi salute.” At one point, Lillienfeld said “Sieg Heil” as he made the gesture, according to what the officer told investigators.

The officer said he thought Lillienfeld did the Nazi-like salute while trying to make a point regarding one of the investigations he taught, but he couldn’t remember the specifics.

After the class ended, the Los Angeles police officer detailed her concerns in her class evaluation, which sparked the internal investigation.

When investigators tried to interview Lillienfeld in April, the file says, he asked several questions about the case before refusing to do the interview. This year, after the internal affairs investigation concluded, the department confirmed that it placed a “Do Not Rehire” designation in Lillienfeld’s file.

Hours after The Times’ story published on Wednesday, Hans Johnson — a member of the county’s Sheriff Civilian Oversight Commission — sent an email to South Pasadena officials expressing his concerns.

“Why is someone with such red flags of disqualifying misconduct now on staff with the South Pas. Police Department?” Johnson wrote, according to a copy of his email shared with The Times. “Is South Pasadena P.D. so strapped for staff that it fails to thoroughly review the background of detectives it hires, or worse, detects such red flags but ignores them?”

It’s not clear how many others reached out with similar concerns, but in its news release last week the South Pasadena Police Department said it had received “many calls and messages” about the matter.

“I want to make clear that our police department does not tolerate racism or unacceptable epithets of any kind from any member of our organization,” Solinsky wrote in the release. “Such acts are not in keeping with our values and the expectations that our City Council and our residents have from members of our police force.”

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